Skip to main content

Featured post

Breathing Exercises: Types, Techniques and Benefits

Breathing Exercises: Exercises for the lungs also referred to as breathing exercises , are essential for improving lung function and promoting respiratory health. These exercises are intended to strengthen respiratory muscles, increase lung capacity, and enhance the body's ability to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide. These breathing techniques are frequently used in medical settings: Diaphragmatic Breathing Pursed lip Breathing Segmental Breathing Diaphragmatic Breathing: The diaphragm , a dome-shaped muscle situated below the lungs, is used actively during diaphragmatic breathing, also referred to as deep belly breathing or abdominal breathing . By fully contracting the diaphragm, this technique focuses on expanding the lower part of the lungs, enabling deeper and more effective inhalation and exhalation. Technique: Look for a quiet location where you can sit or lie down. You can close your eyes to improve relaxation and focus. Put one hand on your upper chest and the other on

Sacroiliac Joint (SIJ)

The complex joint known as the sacroiliac (SI) joint connects the ilium, one of the pelvic bones, to the sacrum, the triangular bone at the base of the spine. 

Understanding the sacroiliac joint's anatomy is essential to comprehend how it works and the conditions that can affect it. Let's examine its structure and makeup in more detail.

Bones:


The articulation of the auricular surfaces of the sacrum and ilium results in the formation of the sacroiliac joint. 
Rough, asymmetrical regions with fibrocartilage cover the auricular surfaces. The synovial portion of the sacrum and the ilium together make up the majority of the joint.

Ligaments:


The sacroiliac joint is stabilized and supported by several ligaments. These consist of:

  • Anterior sacroiliac ligament: This powerful ligament strengthens the front of the joint by joining the anterior surface of the sacrum to the iliac fossa.
  • Posterior sacroiliac ligament: This ligament supports the back of the joint by joining the ilium to the posterior surface of the sacrum.
  • Interosseous sacroiliac ligament: It is a short, strong ligament located deep within the joint. It fills the gap between the sacrum and ilium, strengthening the joint.
  • Sacrotuberous ligament: This broad ligament extends from the lower sacrum and sacroiliac joint to the ischial tuberosity. It helps stabilize the joint and plays a role in transferring forces from the trunk to the lower extremities.
  • Sacrospinous ligament: Situated inferior to the sacrotuberous ligament, it connects the lower sacrum to the ischial spine. It assists in providing stability to the joint.

Joint:

A synovial joint with a synovial membrane and synovial fluid, the sacroiliac joint is categorized as a diarthrodial joint. The lining of the joint cavity by the synovial membrane results in the production of synovial fluid, which lubricates the joint and feeds the articular surfaces.

Muscles:

The sacroiliac joint is surrounded by several muscles that help to support it and control movement. These muscles include the piriformis, multifidus, erector spinae, gluteus maximus, and deep hip rotators.

Nerve Supply:

The superior, inferior, and posterior femoral cutaneous nerves are some of the lumbosacral plexus branches that innervate the sacroiliac joint. These nerves transmit sensory data and aid in the motor control of the muscles in the immediate area.

Movements:

In comparison to other joints in the body, the sacroiliac (SI) joint has relatively few movements. Small movements at the joint are necessary for everyday activities like walking, running, and standing. The sacroiliac joint can move in the following ways:

Nutation: 
The anterior tilt or forward movement of the sacrum in relation to the ilium is referred to as nutation. The sacrum moves inferiorly and anteriorly during nutation, bringing the base of the sacrum closer to the pubic bone.

Counternutation: 
The sacrum's posterior tilt or backward movement is referred to as counternutation, which is the opposite motion of nutation. The sacrum moves superiorly and posteriorly, away from the pubic bone, during counternutation.

Glide: 
Small gliding movements between the sacrum and ilium are made possible by the sacroiliac joint. When performing activities like walking or bearing weight, the joint is subjected to forces and stresses that cause these gliding movements to happen.

Rotation: 
The sacroiliac joint also permits a small amount of rotational movement. This rotational movement causes a slight torsion of the joint as the sacrum rotates on an axis. The range of rotation varies from person to person and is not very wide.

Pathology:

Sacroiliac joint dysfunction or pathology can impede normal movement and cause low back pain. 
Trauma
Inflammation
Joint degeneration
Sacroiliac joint dysfunction
Sacroiliitis
Sacroiliac joint syndrome
Hypermobility

Special tests:

  1. Fortin finger test
  2. Gillette test
  3. Posterior distraction test
  4. Sacroiliac distraction test
  5. Sacral thrust test
  6. Rotational stress test
  7. Long sit test
  8. Gaenslen's test
  9. Faber's test
  10. Leg length test


In order to diagnose and treat associated conditions, it is crucial to comprehend the sacroiliac joint's anatomy. X-rays, CT scans, and MRI imaging procedures can give you more details about the structure of the joint and, if necessary, can help you decide how to proceed with medical interventions. For an accurate diagnosis and suitable treatment of problems related to the sacroiliac joint, it is crucial to seek medical advice.




Comments

Popular posts from this blog

What is Anatomical pulley? Example of Anatomical pulley

Understanding the Importance of Anatomical Pulleys in Physiotherapy As a physiotherapy student, it is essential to have a good understanding of the human body's anatomy and how it works. One of the essential structures in the body that plays a significant role in movement and biomechanics is the anatomical pulley. In this article, we will explore what an anatomical pulley is, its types, and its importance in physiotherapy. What is an Anatomical Pulley? A pulley is a simple mechanical machine that consists of a wheel that turns readily on the axle, usually grooved for a rope or a wire cable. In the human body, the pulley is replaced by a bone, cartilage, or ligament, and the cord is replaced by a muscle tendon. The tendon is lubricated by synovial fluid, and the surface of the tendon is covered by a thin visceral synovial membrane. The tendon is lubricated so that it may easily slide over the pulley. Classification of Anatomical Pulleys There are mainly four classes of pulleys

Electrotherapy Simplified by Basanta Kumar Nanda PDF Download

Electrotherapy Simplified  by Basanta Kumar Nanda The aim of this book is to focus on the electrotherapy simplified. Electrotherapy is one of the important aspects among the various approaches of patient management available to a physiotherapist. Electrotherapy Simplified has tried to give comprehensive knowledge on electrotherapy and actinotherapy, starting from basic electricity and magnetism to the theoretical and clinical aspects of the different modalities applied by physiotherapists.  This book consists of 19 chapters, which include an introduction, inflammation, repair, and role of physical agents, electrical fundamentals, magnetic energy, valves, transistors, and rectifiers, electrical measurement systems and distribution of electricity, electrophysiology of nerve transmission, and muscle contraction, low-frequency currents, electrodiagnosis, medium frequency currents, low-intensity laser therapy, ultraviolet radiation, and traction.  About 250 objective question answers have b

Base of Support (BOS) in Physiotherapy

The base of support means the area supported beneath the object. Whenever the base of support is more the stability will be more.  Greater the BOS lower the COG of any object. For example, the fundamental position of standing the BOS is lesser than the lying, so COG in the standing position it is in the higher level whereas in the lying posture it will be just near to the ground as a result lying posture is more stable than any other fundamental position and also it can be maintained for the longer period. The stability is directly proportional to BOS and inversely proportional to COG.