Breathing Exercises: Exercises for the lungs also referred to as breathing exercises , are essential for improving lung function and promoting respiratory health. These exercises are intended to strengthen respiratory muscles, increase lung capacity, and enhance the body's ability to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide. These breathing techniques are frequently used in medical settings: Diaphragmatic Breathing Pursed lip Breathing Segmental Breathing Diaphragmatic Breathing: The diaphragm , a dome-shaped muscle situated below the lungs, is used actively during diaphragmatic breathing, also referred to as deep belly breathing or abdominal breathing . By fully contracting the diaphragm, this technique focuses on expanding the lower part of the lungs, enabling deeper and more effective inhalation and exhalation. Technique: Look for a quiet location where you can sit or lie down. You can close your eyes to improve relaxation and focus. Put one hand on your upper chest and the other on
What is ULNT??
Upper limb Neurodynamic (Tension) Tests
The neurodynamic tests of the upper limbs are analogous to the lumbar spine's straight leg raising test. In reality, stress is placed on all the tissues of the upper limb during these tension tests, which are meant to stretch the neurological structures of the upper limb.
It is also known as Brachial Plexus Tension or Elvey Test.
Sensitizing tests are used to distinguish between the neurological tissue. Elvey's original test has since been divided into four tests. Changing the position of the shoulder, elbow, forearm, wrist, and fingers puts more strain on particular nerves.
Each test starts with testing the good side, followed by positioning of the shoulder, then moves on to the forearm, wrist, fingers, and, due to its extensive range of motion (ROM), the elbow at last.
It is crucial to apply a constant depression force to the shoulder girdle when positioning the shoulder so that, even with abduction, the shoulder girdle stays depressed.
The test is less likely to be successful if the shoulder is not held firmly pressed. The glenohumeral joints are brought into the proper abduction position (110 or 10) while the shoulder girdle is depressed, and the forearm, wrist, and fingers are brought into the proper end-of-range position.
Positioning of limb according to types:
ULNT1:
Nerve: Medial nerve, anterior interosseous nerve (C5, C6, C7)
Shoulder: Depression and abduction (10)
Elbow: Extension
Forearm: Supination
Wrist: Extension
Fingers and thumb: Extension
Cervical spine: Contralateral side flexion
ULNT2:
Nerve: Median nerve, musculocutaneous nerve, axillary nerve
Shoulder: Depression and abduction (110), lateral rotation
Elbow: Extension
Forearm: Supination
Wrist: Extension
Fingers and thumb: Extension
Cervical spine: Contralateral side flexion
UTNT3:
Nerve: Radial nerve
Shoulder: Depression and abduction (110), medial rotation
Elbow: Extension
Forearm: Pronation
Wrist: Flexion and ulnar deviation
Fingers and thumb: Flexion
Cervical spine: contralateral side flexion
ULNT4:
Nerve: Ulnar nerve, C8 and T1, lateral rotation
Shoulder: Depression and abduction (10 to 90), hand to ear
Elbow: Flexion
Forearm: Supination or pronation
Wrist: Extension and radial deviation
Fingers and thumb: Extension
Cervical spine: Contralateral side flexion
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