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Breathing Exercises: Types, Techniques and Benefits

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Breathing Exercises: Exercises for the lungs also referred to as breathing exercises , are essential for improving lung function and promoting respiratory health. These exercises are intended to strengthen respiratory muscles, increase lung capacity, and enhance the body's ability to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide. These breathing techniques are frequently used in medical settings: Diaphragmatic Breathing Pursed lip Breathing Segmental Breathing Diaphragmatic Breathing: The diaphragm , a dome-shaped muscle situated below the lungs, is used actively during diaphragmatic breathing, also referred to as deep belly breathing or abdominal breathing . By fully contracting the diaphragm, this technique focuses on expanding the lower part of the lungs, enabling deeper and more effective inhalation and exhalation. Technique: Look for a quiet location where you can sit or lie down. You can close your eyes to improve relaxation and focus. Put one hand on your upper chest and the other on
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THE CALF MUSCLE IN HUMAN BODY

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The two large muscles are together known as a calf muscle.

  • Gastrocnemius
  • Soleus


1. Gastrocnemius-

It is the larger calf muscle forming the bulge of calf muscle which is visible beneath the skin. The two heads of the gastrocnemius muscle

together create a diamond shape of the muscle.

Origin- medial head: medial epicondyle of the femur

lateral head: lateral epicondyle of the femur

Insertion- calcaneus via tendo achillis

Nerve supply-tibial nerve

Blood supply- branch of popliteal artery anterior and posterior tibial artery

Action- plantar flexion of the ankle or assist flexion of the knee

Palpation- the upper half of the posterior calf during active plantarflexion of ankle .tendon palpated as part of Achilles tendon. Gastro is the Greek term for “belly”.this muscle can act on the knee or the ankle separately but not simultaneously.

Soleus

It is a smaller calf muscle and it lies underneath the gastrocnemius muscle.

Origin- a sole line of the tibia, posterior head, and upper shaft of fibula

Insertion- calcaneus via tendo achillis

Nerve supple- tibial nerve (s1,2)

Blood supply-branch of popliteal artery anterior and posterior tibial

Action- plantarflexion of ankle

Palpation- lateral side of lower leg during active plantarflexion of the muscle tendon palpated as part of Achilles tendon.

The calf muscle is also known as a “second heart of human body”


During walking the calf muscle to pump the venous blood back towards your heart .the veins in calf muscle act as a reservoir.

 

 


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